⚜ 100% free of all harmful chemicals including sulphates, paraben, etc.
⚜ Minimum lather, maximum cleansing. This shampoo doesn’t need to create excessive lather for deep cleansing because of its deep penetrating phytochemicals based advanced formula, thus helping protect hair from multiple time consuming rounds of rinsing.
⚜ It deep cleanses hair and scalp without being aggressive. It provides thorough yet gentle cleansing, removing impurities, excess oil, and product build-up without stripping the hair of its natural oils.
⚜ It contains proteolytic enzymes which repairs dead skin cells on scalp. Cures itchiness of scalp and does not leave the scalp dry
⚜ This shampoo contains bioactive ingredients which strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting healthy growth and minimizing breakage. It purifies and nourishes scalp and hair with natural minerals and proteins
⚜ It has a pH balanced formula and is gentle enough for everyday use as it doesn’t strip hair of its beneficial natural oils
⚜ Provides a beautiful shine to the hair, making them look glossy and healthy
⚜ Improves the texture of brittle hair, making them strong
• Gently hydrates to help restore moisture and improve the hair’s softness without weighing it down, for a smooth and shiny finish. This shampoo gives the hair weightless softness, shine and healthy manageability
⚜ Its restorative formula helps repair and rebuild broken hair bonds, reducing breakage and improving overall hair health
⚜ It contains phytochemicals obtained from its herbal ingredients are known for their beneficial properties for hair. The formula is enriched with nourishing ingredients that help strengthen the hair strands, reduce breakage, and improve overall hair health
⚜ It helps to extend the life of hair colour by preventing colour fading and maintaining vibrancy
⚜ This shampoo is suitable for all hair types, including damaged, coloured, chemically treated, and heat-styled hair
⚜ It contains unique hydrating properties that help replenish and restore moisture to dry or damaged hair, leaving it soft, silky, and easily manageable
⚜ The hydrating properties of this herbal shampoo easily control frizz and flyaways, making the hair smooth and more manage
⚜ It is effective for those with sensitive scalps or those who prefer to avoid sulfates in their hair care routine
⚜ This shampoo lightweight and suitable for all hair types. It helps to balance the hair’s natural moisture levels, leaving it refreshed, soft, and manageable

⚜ Inspired by the pristine sea shores of the exotic Lakshadweep islands, the aquatic fragrance of this shampoo is simply unforgettable

Take the desired quantity of this shampoo, apply on wet hair & gently massage the scalp for one minute. Wash with normal water. For best results follow with BestIndian™ ultimate hair serum

⚜ Gently brush through your hair before washing them, using a natural brush or wide-toothed comb to minimize the risk of snags. Hair is at its weakest when wet, so it’s important to de-tangle it before the shower rather than during or after the hair wash.

⚜ Wet your hair thoroughly-Let your hair get fully wet by letting the water flow over your head for at least 1 minute, then run your fingers through your hair to make sure all of it (including the tips) is fully wet. Letting your hair get fully wet with lukewarm water helps open the cuticles, making it easier for the hair to absorb the conditioning phytochemicals.

⚜ Once your hair is wet, take a coin sized amount of this shampoo, and gently massage it into your scalp and roots to remove sebum and any other build-up. Work your way down to the mid-lengths and tips, before rinsing. Avoid very hot water that’ll put your hair under strain and damage it.

Use it three times a week, or as required.

This is a gentle shampoo which is free of all harmful chemicals including sulfates, paraben, etc., therefore frequent washing with this shampoo wouldn't harm the hair.

For all hair types, textures, and lengths. This gentle yet deep cleansing shampoo is perfect for women,and men who

⚜ are facing increasing hair-fall
⚜ need deep cleansing of the scalp and hair
⚜ live, work or commute in polluted environment
⚜ have colored, highlighted or dyed hair
⚜ have chemically treated hair including perms, etc.
⚜ wash their hair frequently (more than thrice a week)
⚜ have thin or brittle hair that break easily
⚜ go out in the sun and need protection from UV damage
⚜ have dry hair
⚜ have sensitive skin
⚜ have dull looking hair
⚜ want to prevent split-ends
⚜ have frizzy hair and want to control the frizz and flyaways.
⚜ want to conquer dandruff
⚜ want an environmental shield for hair
⚜ have hair that tangles easily
⚜ uses hair-styling tools such as straighteners, curlers, etc
⚜ encounters dusty outdoors
⚜ are mostly indoors in dry air-conditioned environment like workplace, etc.
⚜ suffer from skin conditions such as rosacea, eczema, and dermatitis
⚜ uses styling products on their hair
⚜ whose hair are graying prematurely
⚜ whose hair growth is slow
⚜ whose hair is rough and non lubricated

BestIndian™ practices 100% transparency, and believes in disclosing all ingredients used in its products. BestIndian™ guarantees that no other ingredient, apart from those listed below, has been used in this natural and synthetic chemicals free BestIndian™ Luxury:

DM water infused with Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) ⚜ Coconut oil infused with Amla powder ⚜ Sodium cocoyl isothionate ⚜ Coco glucoside ⚜ Sensicare ⚜ Lactic acid, organic Aloe Vera gel ⚜ Glycerin ⚜ Guar gum ⚜ Coco Betain & Bestindian™ aqua fragrance.

⚜ Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight.
⚜ For external use only.
⚜ Reading the ingredients list is recommended to ensure that the user is not allergic to any ingredient herb.
⚜ Patch test is recommended on a small area of the skin prior to the first usage.
⚜ Best before 24 months from manufacturing.

This product has been thoroughly tested by dermatologists and is guaranteed safe and dermatologist approved.

Bharat

The outermost layer of a hair follicle is called the cuticle and is composed largely of keratin. This is rich in cysteine groups which are mildly acidic. When the hair is washed these groups can deprotonate, giving the hair a negative charge.
The ingredients in conditioner, especially positively charged quaternary ammonium species, such as behentrimonium chloride or polymers that are known as Polyquaternium-XX, where XX is an arbitrary number, can then become attached to the hair via electrostatic interactions. Once attached these compounds have several effects. Their long hydrocarbon backbone helps to lubricate the surface of each hair follicle, reducing the sensation of roughness and assisting combing. The surface coating of cationic groups means that hairs are repelled from each other electrostatically, which reduces clumping. The compounds can also act as antistatic agents, which helps to reduce frizzing
Sebum glands adjacent to hair follicles emit a lipid-rich substance called sebum. From a cosmetic-removal point of view, sebum is the semifluid secretion of the sebaceous glands of mammals, consisting chiefly of fat, keratin, and cellular material. Sebum serves to protect and lubricate the skin and hair. Sebaceous secretions favor the growth of facultative anaerobes such as Propionibacterium acnes. P. acnes hydrolyses the triglycerides present in sebum, releasing free fatty acids onto the skin. The released fatty acids contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface, which inhibits the growth of many common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Thus the presence of sebum and the symbiotic microorganisms that it supports may be beneficial to the health of the skin. However, buildup of sebum on the skin and hair is perceived by modern consumers to be “unclean” and undesirable. Additionally, particulate dust and dirt can adhere to the sebum layer and this exacerbates the feeling of lack of cleanliness. Consequently, the principal aim of today's cleansing products is to remove oils, particulate soil, and microorganisms from the surface of skin and hair, and one task of this chapter is to review the foundation of physical and chemical sciences upon which the cleansing products and methods are based.
Because sebum is an oily substance, it cannot be removed by water alone. For this reason, surface active agents (surfactants) are included in personal care cleaning products. The main purposes of surfactants are to lower the interfacial tension between the soil and the substrate, to emulsify and/or solubilize oily soils, and to disperse particulate matter.
In order to understand how surfactants work, it is necessary to understand why oil and water are incompatible. For example, substances like salts and sugars dissolve because the interaction of water with the constituent ions or molecules of these substances is favored over the interaction between the salt ions or sugar molecules. As the concentration of the solute increases, the tendency for the constituent molecules of the solute to escape from the solid state into solution decreases. Saturation is reached when the escaping tendency (thermodynamically this is called the chemical potential) of the solute becomes equal to the tendency for the solute to separate, or precipitate from solution. There are several different possibilities for a substance to be insoluble in water. Substances like sand, clay, and glass are insoluble in water because the molecules of sand attract each other more strongly than the molecules of water, and this attraction leads to the sand being insoluble because the interaction of water with the individual silicate groups of the sand would lead to a higher free-energy state than the mutual interaction of silica groups. The function of surfactants for such particulates is to enhance wetting and permit dispersion.
On the other hand, water insolubility of oils and waxes is caused by hydrophobic interaction. The intermolecular forces between the oil molecules are weaker than the intermolecular bonds between water molecules, and the oils are expelled from water to minimize the water-oil interfacial area in the system. This structuring of water at the oil-water interface causes a decrease in entropy of the system, and the system resists this entropy decrease by forcing the oil to phase separate and thereby decrease the area of contact between the oil and water.
In this respect, surfactants achieve their purpose by lowering surface and interfacial tensions and by solubilizing oils and waxes. The effect known as surface tension is caused by an imbalance of intermolecular forces at the gas-liquid interface. Molecules in the bulk of liquids are attracted on all sides by their neighboring molecules. However, molecules at the surface are subjected to imbalanced forces; they are attracted by the underlying liquid molecules, but there is essentially no interaction with the vapor-gas molecules on the other side of the liquid-vapor boundary. This imbalance leads to a two-dimensional force at the surface, and this is surface tension. Surface tension is usually expressed in linear dimensions (e.g., millinewtons/meter). Surface energy is expressed as work per unit area (joules/m2). The dimensions of surface tension and surface energy are equivalent, and the absolute values of surface tension and surface energy are identical. For example, water has a surface energy of 0.072 J/m2 and a surface tension of 0.072 N/m. The magnitude of surface tension directly correlates with the strength of the intermolecular forces. Water has hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole interaction, and dispersion forces between its molecules, and as a consequence the surface tension of water is rather high (0.072 N/m at room temperature). In hydrocarbons only dispersion forces are present between the molecules, and the resulting surface tension is relatively low (0.020–0.030 N/m).
Surfactant molecules contain two distinct moieties: a hydrophobic segment that is expelled by water and a hydrophilic segment that interacts strongly with water. Due to this construction, surfactant molecules are designated as being amphipathic (amphi meaning “dual” and pathic from the same root as pathos, which can be interpreted as “suffering”) because surfactant molecules “suffer” both oil and water. The hydrophilic moiety favors the aqueous phase, and the hydrophobic moiety is compatible with the oil phase. The hydrophilic moiety may be nonionic, anionic, or cationic. The hydrophilic moiety is usually a hydrocarbon, but it can also be a silicone or a fluorocarbon. For aqueous phases in the absence of oil, at very low surfactant concentrations the amphipathicity expels surfactant molecules to the surface, a process called adsorption. The driving force for surface adsorption derives from hydrophobic interaction, which rejects the hydrocarbon from the aqueous phase. The adsorbed surfactant molecules maintain intimate contact with water at the surface as a consequence of the relatively strong interactions between the hydrophilic moieties and water at the surface. These strong interactions can be polar, ionic, Lewis acid/Lewis base, and London dispersion forces. This adsorption causes the surfactant concentration at the surface to be much higher than the surfactant concentration in the bulk of the solution. At extremely low concentrations, the adsorbed surfactant far exceeds its solution concentration and Traube's rule applies. Traube's rule states that the ratio of the surface concentration to the bulk concentration increases threefold for each CH2 group of an alkyl chain. The ratio between the surface adsorbed concentration and the bulk concentration of a surfactant was coined the “surface excess concentration” by Gibbs. According to Traube's rule, soap with a dodecyl chain should have a surface excess concentration that is more than half a million times its concentration in the bulk solution. At extremely low concentrations, the surfactant molecules on the surface act as a two-dimensional gas. As the concentration increases, the surfactant molecules begin to interact, but they are still mobile within the plane; they behave as two-dimensional liquids. At even higher concentrations, as the surfactant saturates the surface, the hydrophobic groups orient out of the surface plane and the interactions between neighboring hydrophobic groups cause the surfactant monolayer to behave as a two-dimensional solid. When sufficient surfactant molecules are adsorbed to form a monolayer, the surface properties are dominated by the hydrophobic groups of the surfactant and the surface energy becomes essentially the surface energy associated with hydrophobic group interaction.
High surface energies of pure liquids resist the expansion of a liquid surface. On the other hand, expansion of the interface is facilitated by surface adsorption of surfactants, hence the common observation that surfactant solutions readily form foams. Structuring of the foam surface by the adsorbed surfactant enhances the stability of the foam.

What are sulfates?
Sulfates make your shampoo lather, creating the suds and lather which are thought to provide cleansing. In other words, Sulfates are surfactants and they cleanse hair, removing build up, dirt and dead skin cells from your scalp.
Because of the high water activity and use conditions of shampoos, they contain preservatives to inhibit microbial growth. Preservatives such as quaternium-15, imidiazolidinyl urea, and diazolidinyl urea function through the release of trace amounts of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a potential sensitizer and a known inhalation carcinogen. Various expert bodies recommend restrictions on the use levels of formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. Parabens, another class of preservatives used in shampoos and hair products, have shown some ability to weakly mimic estrogen and have been found in breast tumor tissue. No direct link between parabens and cancer has been established, however. The potential for various classes of chemicals used in a variety of consumer products to function as ‘endocrine disruptors’ in animals and/or humans is an active area of academic and government research and also examination by regulatory and public health agencies.

Why should you consider using sulfate-free BestIndian™ Ultimate Shampoo & Conditioner?
Most shampoos strip your hair of its natural oils. BestIndian™’s Ultimate Sulfate-free Conditioning shampoo maintains the natural oils that their scalp produces. People with a sensitive scalp, curly hair, dry hair and color-treated hair particularly benefit from sulfate-free shampoos.
Although it is easy to formulate a shampoo that can remove all of the sebum from the hair and scalp, the lack of sebum will leave the hair frizzy, dry, and unattractive. The challenge lies in removing just enough sebum to allow the hair to appear clean and leave behind enough conditioning agents to keep the clean hair attractive. The best shampoos for hair loss combine cleansers with a conditioning agent in addition to a foaming agent to form an appealing froth, as consumers link the detergent effect with the formed foam, although the two are unrelated. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is one of the hazardous detergents used widely in cosmetics and in shampoos as a foaming agent. SLS is a known skin and eye irritant, even causing cataracts in adults, and has been proven to inhibit the proper formation of eyes in small children.
In general, bioactive extracts or phytochemicals from various plants can be used as ingredients in cosmetics to care for the body, as components that affect the biological function of the skin, and to provide nutrients for healthy skin.

The diversity of qualities demanded from a shampoo by today's consumer go beyond the sole function of cleansing the hair and scalp. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and the shampoo formulation has to be tailored to all the possible variations associated with hair quality (dry, greasy, permed, bleached, dyed), age (baby shampoo), care habit (frequency of shampooing) and specific problems relating to the superficial condition of the scalp (dandruff, seborrhoea. ingredients of shampoos that have been popular with the consumer are currently under public scrutiny because of potential risks associated with their use, e.g. halogenated organic compounds, formaldehyde, nitromusc, and crude coal tar. Their critical appraisal also has to follow strict scientific criteria.
Consumers have expressed a need for cleaning and conditioning in one step. Conventional shampoo technology using anionic surfactants and cationic conditioners results in charge interaction and complexing of the ingredients. Neither shampoo nor conditioners achieves the desired result. The successful solution was to incorporate charge neutral dimethicone conditioning ingredients, suspended as microfine droplets within complex crystal lattices, into anionic surfactant shampoo technology. The same solution has also been applied to amphoteric surfactant systems. This provides complete cleaning, and hair conditioning fully equal to separate conditioners without the problems of sebum interactions and conditioner build-up. This was achieved by keeping the dimethicone in suspension throughout the shampoo process. During rinsing, excess water breaks the crystalline lattice and allows deposition of the dimethicone droplets onto the hair. Full cleaning and conditioning are, therefore, achieved in one application. Dimethicone build-up is not encountered as subsequent washes first remove soil and previously deposited dimethicone. Neither do neutral dimethicones show any reactions with sebum. The development of effective 2-in-1 technology has had a major impact on shampoo technology and consumer habits and practices. This has significantly changed the way consumers care for their hair.
Alkaline pH may increase the negative electrical charge of the hair fiber surface and, therefore, increase friction between the fibers. This may lead to cuticle damage and fiber breakage. It is a reality and not a myth that lower pH of shampoos may cause less frizzing for generating less negative static electricity on the fiber surface.

⚜ 100% free of all harmful chemicals including sulphates, paraben, etc.
⚜ Minimum lather, maximum cleansing. This shampoo doesn’t need to create excessive lather for deep cleansing because of its deep penetrating phytochemicals based advanced formula, thus helping protect hair from multiple time consuming rounds of rinsing.
⚜ It deep cleanses hair and scalp without being aggressive. It provides thorough yet gentle cleansing, removing impurities, excess oil, and product build-up without stripping the hair of its natural oils.
⚜ It contains proteolytic enzymes which repairs dead skin cells on scalp. Cures itchiness of scalp and does not leave the scalp dry
⚜ This shampoo contains bioactive ingredients which strengthen and nourish the hair, promoting healthy growth and minimizing breakage. It purifies and nourishes scalp and hair with natural minerals and proteins
⚜ It has a pH balanced formula and is gentle enough for everyday use as it doesn’t strip hair of its beneficial natural oils
⚜ Provides a beautiful shine to the hair, making them look glossy and healthy
⚜ Improves the texture of brittle hair, making them strong
• Gently hydrates to help restore moisture and improve the hair’s softness without weighing it down, for a smooth and shiny finish. This shampoo gives the hair weightless softness, shine and healthy manageability
⚜ Its restorative formula helps repair and rebuild broken hair bonds, reducing breakage and improving overall hair health
⚜ It contains phytochemicals obtained from its herbal ingredients are known for their beneficial properties for hair. The formula is enriched with nourishing ingredients that help strengthen the hair strands, reduce breakage, and improve overall hair health
⚜ It helps to extend the life of hair colour by preventing colour fading and maintaining vibrancy
⚜ This shampoo is suitable for all hair types, including damaged, coloured, chemically treated, and heat-styled hair
⚜ It contains unique hydrating properties that help replenish and restore moisture to dry or damaged hair, leaving it soft, silky, and easily manageable
⚜ The hydrating properties of this herbal shampoo easily control frizz and flyaways, making the hair smooth and more manage
⚜ It is effective for those with sensitive scalps or those who prefer to avoid sulfates in their hair care routine
⚜ This shampoo lightweight and suitable for all hair types. It helps to balance the hair’s natural moisture levels, leaving it refreshed, soft, and manageable

⚜ Inspired by the pristine sea shores of the exotic Lakshadweep islands, the aquatic fragrance of this shampoo is simply unforgettable

Take the desired quantity of this shampoo, apply on wet hair & gently massage the scalp for one minute. Wash with normal water. For best results follow with BestIndian™ ultimate hair serum

⚜ Gently brush through your hair before washing them, using a natural brush or wide-toothed comb to minimize the risk of snags. Hair is at its weakest when wet, so it’s important to de-tangle it before the shower rather than during or after the hair wash.

⚜ Wet your hair thoroughly-Let your hair get fully wet by letting the water flow over your head for at least 1 minute, then run your fingers through your hair to make sure all of it (including the tips) is fully wet. Letting your hair get fully wet with lukewarm water helps open the cuticles, making it easier for the hair to absorb the conditioning phytochemicals.

⚜ Once your hair is wet, take a coin sized amount of this shampoo, and gently massage it into your scalp and roots to remove sebum and any other build-up. Work your way down to the mid-lengths and tips, before rinsing. Avoid very hot water that’ll put your hair under strain and damage it.

Use it three times a week, or as required.

This is a gentle shampoo which is free of all harmful chemicals including sulfates, paraben, etc., therefore frequent washing with this shampoo wouldn't harm the hair.

For all hair types, textures, and lengths. This gentle yet deep cleansing shampoo is perfect for women,and men who

⚜ are facing increasing hair-fall
⚜ need deep cleansing of the scalp and hair
⚜ live, work or commute in polluted environment
⚜ have colored, highlighted or dyed hair
⚜ have chemically treated hair including perms, etc.
⚜ wash their hair frequently (more than thrice a week)
⚜ have thin or brittle hair that break easily
⚜ go out in the sun and need protection from UV damage
⚜ have dry hair
⚜ have sensitive skin
⚜ have dull looking hair
⚜ want to prevent split-ends
⚜ have frizzy hair and want to control the frizz and flyaways.
⚜ want to conquer dandruff
⚜ want an environmental shield for hair
⚜ have hair that tangles easily
⚜ uses hair-styling tools such as straighteners, curlers, etc
⚜ encounters dusty outdoors
⚜ are mostly indoors in dry air-conditioned environment like workplace, etc.
⚜ suffer from skin conditions such as rosacea, eczema, and dermatitis
⚜ uses styling products on their hair
⚜ whose hair are graying prematurely
⚜ whose hair growth is slow
⚜ whose hair is rough and non lubricated

BestIndian™ practices 100% transparency, and believes in disclosing all ingredients used in its products. BestIndian™ guarantees that no other ingredient, apart from those listed below, has been used in this natural and synthetic chemicals free BestIndian™ Luxury:

DM water infused with Reetha (Sapindus mukorossi) ⚜ Coconut oil infused with Amla powder ⚜ Sodium cocoyl isothionate ⚜ Coco glucoside ⚜ Sensicare ⚜ Lactic acid, organic Aloe Vera gel ⚜ Glycerin ⚜ Guar gum ⚜ Coco Betain & Bestindian™ aqua fragrance.

⚜ Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight.
⚜ For external use only.
⚜ Reading the ingredients list is recommended to ensure that the user is not allergic to any ingredient herb.
⚜ Patch test is recommended on a small area of the skin prior to the first usage.
⚜ Best before 24 months from manufacturing.

This product has been thoroughly tested by dermatologists and is guaranteed safe and dermatologist approved.

Bharat

The outermost layer of a hair follicle is called the cuticle and is composed largely of keratin. This is rich in cysteine groups which are mildly acidic. When the hair is washed these groups can deprotonate, giving the hair a negative charge.
The ingredients in conditioner, especially positively charged quaternary ammonium species, such as behentrimonium chloride or polymers that are known as Polyquaternium-XX, where XX is an arbitrary number, can then become attached to the hair via electrostatic interactions. Once attached these compounds have several effects. Their long hydrocarbon backbone helps to lubricate the surface of each hair follicle, reducing the sensation of roughness and assisting combing. The surface coating of cationic groups means that hairs are repelled from each other electrostatically, which reduces clumping. The compounds can also act as antistatic agents, which helps to reduce frizzing
Sebum glands adjacent to hair follicles emit a lipid-rich substance called sebum. From a cosmetic-removal point of view, sebum is the semifluid secretion of the sebaceous glands of mammals, consisting chiefly of fat, keratin, and cellular material. Sebum serves to protect and lubricate the skin and hair. Sebaceous secretions favor the growth of facultative anaerobes such as Propionibacterium acnes. P. acnes hydrolyses the triglycerides present in sebum, releasing free fatty acids onto the skin. The released fatty acids contribute to the acidic pH of the skin surface, which inhibits the growth of many common pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
Thus the presence of sebum and the symbiotic microorganisms that it supports may be beneficial to the health of the skin. However, buildup of sebum on the skin and hair is perceived by modern consumers to be “unclean” and undesirable. Additionally, particulate dust and dirt can adhere to the sebum layer and this exacerbates the feeling of lack of cleanliness. Consequently, the principal aim of today's cleansing products is to remove oils, particulate soil, and microorganisms from the surface of skin and hair, and one task of this chapter is to review the foundation of physical and chemical sciences upon which the cleansing products and methods are based.
Because sebum is an oily substance, it cannot be removed by water alone. For this reason, surface active agents (surfactants) are included in personal care cleaning products. The main purposes of surfactants are to lower the interfacial tension between the soil and the substrate, to emulsify and/or solubilize oily soils, and to disperse particulate matter.
In order to understand how surfactants work, it is necessary to understand why oil and water are incompatible. For example, substances like salts and sugars dissolve because the interaction of water with the constituent ions or molecules of these substances is favored over the interaction between the salt ions or sugar molecules. As the concentration of the solute increases, the tendency for the constituent molecules of the solute to escape from the solid state into solution decreases. Saturation is reached when the escaping tendency (thermodynamically this is called the chemical potential) of the solute becomes equal to the tendency for the solute to separate, or precipitate from solution. There are several different possibilities for a substance to be insoluble in water. Substances like sand, clay, and glass are insoluble in water because the molecules of sand attract each other more strongly than the molecules of water, and this attraction leads to the sand being insoluble because the interaction of water with the individual silicate groups of the sand would lead to a higher free-energy state than the mutual interaction of silica groups. The function of surfactants for such particulates is to enhance wetting and permit dispersion.
On the other hand, water insolubility of oils and waxes is caused by hydrophobic interaction. The intermolecular forces between the oil molecules are weaker than the intermolecular bonds between water molecules, and the oils are expelled from water to minimize the water-oil interfacial area in the system. This structuring of water at the oil-water interface causes a decrease in entropy of the system, and the system resists this entropy decrease by forcing the oil to phase separate and thereby decrease the area of contact between the oil and water.
In this respect, surfactants achieve their purpose by lowering surface and interfacial tensions and by solubilizing oils and waxes. The effect known as surface tension is caused by an imbalance of intermolecular forces at the gas-liquid interface. Molecules in the bulk of liquids are attracted on all sides by their neighboring molecules. However, molecules at the surface are subjected to imbalanced forces; they are attracted by the underlying liquid molecules, but there is essentially no interaction with the vapor-gas molecules on the other side of the liquid-vapor boundary. This imbalance leads to a two-dimensional force at the surface, and this is surface tension. Surface tension is usually expressed in linear dimensions (e.g., millinewtons/meter). Surface energy is expressed as work per unit area (joules/m2). The dimensions of surface tension and surface energy are equivalent, and the absolute values of surface tension and surface energy are identical. For example, water has a surface energy of 0.072 J/m2 and a surface tension of 0.072 N/m. The magnitude of surface tension directly correlates with the strength of the intermolecular forces. Water has hydrogen bonds, dipole–dipole interaction, and dispersion forces between its molecules, and as a consequence the surface tension of water is rather high (0.072 N/m at room temperature). In hydrocarbons only dispersion forces are present between the molecules, and the resulting surface tension is relatively low (0.020–0.030 N/m).
Surfactant molecules contain two distinct moieties: a hydrophobic segment that is expelled by water and a hydrophilic segment that interacts strongly with water. Due to this construction, surfactant molecules are designated as being amphipathic (amphi meaning “dual” and pathic from the same root as pathos, which can be interpreted as “suffering”) because surfactant molecules “suffer” both oil and water. The hydrophilic moiety favors the aqueous phase, and the hydrophobic moiety is compatible with the oil phase. The hydrophilic moiety may be nonionic, anionic, or cationic. The hydrophilic moiety is usually a hydrocarbon, but it can also be a silicone or a fluorocarbon. For aqueous phases in the absence of oil, at very low surfactant concentrations the amphipathicity expels surfactant molecules to the surface, a process called adsorption. The driving force for surface adsorption derives from hydrophobic interaction, which rejects the hydrocarbon from the aqueous phase. The adsorbed surfactant molecules maintain intimate contact with water at the surface as a consequence of the relatively strong interactions between the hydrophilic moieties and water at the surface. These strong interactions can be polar, ionic, Lewis acid/Lewis base, and London dispersion forces. This adsorption causes the surfactant concentration at the surface to be much higher than the surfactant concentration in the bulk of the solution. At extremely low concentrations, the adsorbed surfactant far exceeds its solution concentration and Traube's rule applies. Traube's rule states that the ratio of the surface concentration to the bulk concentration increases threefold for each CH2 group of an alkyl chain. The ratio between the surface adsorbed concentration and the bulk concentration of a surfactant was coined the “surface excess concentration” by Gibbs. According to Traube's rule, soap with a dodecyl chain should have a surface excess concentration that is more than half a million times its concentration in the bulk solution. At extremely low concentrations, the surfactant molecules on the surface act as a two-dimensional gas. As the concentration increases, the surfactant molecules begin to interact, but they are still mobile within the plane; they behave as two-dimensional liquids. At even higher concentrations, as the surfactant saturates the surface, the hydrophobic groups orient out of the surface plane and the interactions between neighboring hydrophobic groups cause the surfactant monolayer to behave as a two-dimensional solid. When sufficient surfactant molecules are adsorbed to form a monolayer, the surface properties are dominated by the hydrophobic groups of the surfactant and the surface energy becomes essentially the surface energy associated with hydrophobic group interaction.
High surface energies of pure liquids resist the expansion of a liquid surface. On the other hand, expansion of the interface is facilitated by surface adsorption of surfactants, hence the common observation that surfactant solutions readily form foams. Structuring of the foam surface by the adsorbed surfactant enhances the stability of the foam.

What are sulfates?
Sulfates make your shampoo lather, creating the suds and lather which are thought to provide cleansing. In other words, Sulfates are surfactants and they cleanse hair, removing build up, dirt and dead skin cells from your scalp.
Because of the high water activity and use conditions of shampoos, they contain preservatives to inhibit microbial growth. Preservatives such as quaternium-15, imidiazolidinyl urea, and diazolidinyl urea function through the release of trace amounts of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a potential sensitizer and a known inhalation carcinogen. Various expert bodies recommend restrictions on the use levels of formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. Parabens, another class of preservatives used in shampoos and hair products, have shown some ability to weakly mimic estrogen and have been found in breast tumor tissue. No direct link between parabens and cancer has been established, however. The potential for various classes of chemicals used in a variety of consumer products to function as ‘endocrine disruptors’ in animals and/or humans is an active area of academic and government research and also examination by regulatory and public health agencies.

Why should you consider using sulfate-free BestIndian™ Ultimate Shampoo & Conditioner?
Most shampoos strip your hair of its natural oils. BestIndian™’s Ultimate Sulfate-free Conditioning shampoo maintains the natural oils that their scalp produces. People with a sensitive scalp, curly hair, dry hair and color-treated hair particularly benefit from sulfate-free shampoos.
Although it is easy to formulate a shampoo that can remove all of the sebum from the hair and scalp, the lack of sebum will leave the hair frizzy, dry, and unattractive. The challenge lies in removing just enough sebum to allow the hair to appear clean and leave behind enough conditioning agents to keep the clean hair attractive. The best shampoos for hair loss combine cleansers with a conditioning agent in addition to a foaming agent to form an appealing froth, as consumers link the detergent effect with the formed foam, although the two are unrelated. Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is one of the hazardous detergents used widely in cosmetics and in shampoos as a foaming agent. SLS is a known skin and eye irritant, even causing cataracts in adults, and has been proven to inhibit the proper formation of eyes in small children.
In general, bioactive extracts or phytochemicals from various plants can be used as ingredients in cosmetics to care for the body, as components that affect the biological function of the skin, and to provide nutrients for healthy skin.

The diversity of qualities demanded from a shampoo by today's consumer go beyond the sole function of cleansing the hair and scalp. A cosmetic benefit is expected, and the shampoo formulation has to be tailored to all the possible variations associated with hair quality (dry, greasy, permed, bleached, dyed), age (baby shampoo), care habit (frequency of shampooing) and specific problems relating to the superficial condition of the scalp (dandruff, seborrhoea. ingredients of shampoos that have been popular with the consumer are currently under public scrutiny because of potential risks associated with their use, e.g. halogenated organic compounds, formaldehyde, nitromusc, and crude coal tar. Their critical appraisal also has to follow strict scientific criteria.
Consumers have expressed a need for cleaning and conditioning in one step. Conventional shampoo technology using anionic surfactants and cationic conditioners results in charge interaction and complexing of the ingredients. Neither shampoo nor conditioners achieves the desired result. The successful solution was to incorporate charge neutral dimethicone conditioning ingredients, suspended as microfine droplets within complex crystal lattices, into anionic surfactant shampoo technology. The same solution has also been applied to amphoteric surfactant systems. This provides complete cleaning, and hair conditioning fully equal to separate conditioners without the problems of sebum interactions and conditioner build-up. This was achieved by keeping the dimethicone in suspension throughout the shampoo process. During rinsing, excess water breaks the crystalline lattice and allows deposition of the dimethicone droplets onto the hair. Full cleaning and conditioning are, therefore, achieved in one application. Dimethicone build-up is not encountered as subsequent washes first remove soil and previously deposited dimethicone. Neither do neutral dimethicones show any reactions with sebum. The development of effective 2-in-1 technology has had a major impact on shampoo technology and consumer habits and practices. This has significantly changed the way consumers care for their hair.
Alkaline pH may increase the negative electrical charge of the hair fiber surface and, therefore, increase friction between the fibers. This may lead to cuticle damage and fiber breakage. It is a reality and not a myth that lower pH of shampoos may cause less frizzing for generating less negative static electricity on the fiber surface.