⚜ Double powered by Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and and Beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs)
⚜ Detoxification of the skin by unclogging the pores.
⚜ Prevents breakouts by removing dead skin cells & excess sebum.
⚜ Reduces blemishes and improves skin appearance by lightening acne scars & other marks
⚜ Tightens your skin and helps prevent wrinkles and fine lines from forming early
⚜ This cleanser bar is perfect for use on both face and on body, unlike soaps which end up stripping all moisture from the face.
⚜ Prevents breakouts, black heads, inflammation and skin eruptions
⚜ 'Sucks out' dirt and impurities trapped inside your pores
⚜ Gently exfoliates the outer layer of dead skin cells
⚜ Possesses antimicrobial properties, and helps prevent skin infections while removing dead skin cells and dirt from the skin
⚜ Keeps your skin's pH level balanced
⚜ Penetrates deep into the skin to loosen dead skin cells, dissolve sebum build-up,unclog pores, and cleanse stubborn impurities, makeup residues, etc.
⚜ Prevents damage from chlorine and other minerals present in water
⚜ Positive impact on the appearance and tightness of your pores
⚜ Prevents skin congestion
⚜ Nourishes the skin leaving it smooth & supple
⚜ relaxing and soothing experience
⚜ Provides Ultimate glow
⚜ Purifies Your Skin Deeply
⚜ Tremendously effective in preventing acne
⚜ Complete repair of the skin barrier
⚜ Protects skin from environment damage and pollution
⚜ Helps in Treating Sensitive Skin Conditions

Fresh and invigorating aquatic fragrance of Moviestar™ Cleanser Bar invokes the ambiance of an exotic tropical island.

⚜ Use it as a soap or as a face wash, twice a day, in the morning and evening.

⚜ As a face-wash:
Lather the cleanser bar in the palm and massage it on the face. Rinse it off with water.

⚜ As a body cleansing soap:
Use it as regular body wash soap. Wet body with water, and gently glide this luxury cleanser bar across the skin surface. Lather, and rinse off with water.

⚜ Use this Luxury Facial and body cleanser as a soap replacement for bathing, and as a gentle face-wash, preferably twice a day - morning and evening.

⚜ For optimum results use Moviestar™ pH balancing facial toner immediately after cleansing, when the pores are open.

⚜ Suitable for both actors and actresses- men and women

⚜ All skin types, including oily or acne prone.

⚜ Ideal for tackling oily skin symptoms like acne, whiteheads, and blackheads on the face, back, shoulders, chest, arms, or any other part of the boy.

BestIndian™ practices 100% transparency, and believes in disclosing all ingredients used in its products. BestIndian™ guarantees that no other ingredient, apart from those listed below, has been used in this natural and synthetic chemicals free BestIndian™ Luxury:

Coconut Oil ⚜ Rosehip Oil ⚜ Sunflower Oil ⚜ Shea Butter ⚜ Bamboo Charcoal Powder ⚜ Castor Oil ⚜ Goat Milk ⚜ Gangajal ⚜ NaOH ⚜ Olive Oil ⚜ Aqua Oil

⚜ Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight.
⚜ For external use only
⚜ Reading the ingredients list is recommended to ensure that the user is not allergic to any ingredient herb
⚜ Patch test is recommended on a small area of the skin prior to the first usage
⚜ Best before 24 months from manufacturing.
⚜ Always keep this cleanser bar in a well-drained soap tray to last longer. Do not let it sit in a pool of water as it is a 100% natural product and does not contain any hardening agent to save it from dissolving while surrounded by water

This product has been thoroughly tested by dermatologists and is guaranteed safe and dermatologist approved.

Bharat

⚜ α-Hydroxy acids (Alpha-hydroxy acids):
αHAs are carboxylic acids with one hydroxyl group attached to the α-position of the carboxyl group. The simplest representative of αHA is glycolic acid (chemical name, hydroxyacetic acid), which was the first of this class of compounds to be introduced into skin care products. Lactic acid, with optimal biologic activity in its l-form, is also used in various topical formulations to exfoliate the skin and also to provide antiaging properties.

⚜ β-Hydroxy acids (Beta-hydroxy acids):
β-Hydroxy acids (βHAs) are carboxylic acids having one hydroxyl group attached to the β-position of the carboxyl group. The most common βHA is β-hydroxybutanoic acid. A lipid soluble βHA is tropic acid (2-phenyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid). Some βHAs are also considered αHAs as they contain a hydroxyl group in the α-position to one carboxyl group and in the β-position to the other carboxyl group. Malic acid and citric acid are prominent representatives in this category. Citric acid is widely used in topical formulations as an antioxidant, and its antiaging benefits are well established.

⚜ Mechanism of Action:
Mechanism of action of alpha-hydroxy acids, when topically applied to the skin is described below. The alpha-hydroxy acids reduce the calcium ion concentration in the epidermis and remove calcium ions from the cell adhesions by chelation. This causes a loss of calcium ions from the cadherins of the desmosomes and adherens junctions, from the tight junctions, and possibly also from other divalent metallic cation-dependent cell adhesion molecules. The cell adhesions are thereby disrupted, resulting in desquamation. Desquamation is enhanced by cleavage of the endogenous stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme on the cadherins, which are otherwise protected from proteolysis by conjugation with calcium ions. The decrease of calcium ion level so brought about in the epidermis also tends to promote cell growth and retard cell differentiation, giving rise to a younger-looking skin. Alpha-hydroxy acids also possess anti-inflammatory capacities.

In the stratum corneum, the intercellular junction made up of cadherin proteins provides the structural integrity of the framework. Ca2+ ions are known to play a key role in maintaining this junction. Ca2+ chelation in stratum corneum will weaken the bond of the tissue and consequently promote exfoliation. Amino acids, ubiquitously existing as metabolites and building blocks of the body, have the molecular property to chelate Ca2+ ions. Amino acids can interfere with the interaction of cadherins, separate stratum corneum into pieces, and thereby stimulate the exfoliation process of skin.

⚜ α-Hydroxy acids and β-Hydroxy acids are both good for the skin because they exfoliate in a non-abrasive manner by “un-gluing” the bonds that hold dull, dead skin on the surface. Once those bonds are gently and evenly broken down, the skin naturally sheds these dead cells.

⚜ αHAs are water-soluble acids which help peel away the surface of the skin so that new, more evenly pigmented skin cells may generate and take their place. After use, you’ll likely notice that your skin is smoother to the touch. αHAs work on the surface of the skin, making them good for treating surface pimples like whiteheads and blackheads. αHAs are primarily used for: mild hyperpigmentation like age spots, melasma, and scars, enlarged pores, fine lines and surface wrinkles, uneven skin tone

On the other hand, β-Hydroxy acids are oil-soluble. Unlike αHAs, βHAs can get deeper into the pores to remove dead skin cells and excess sebum. βHAs work underneath the surface to unclog pores and heal cystic acne more quickly. αHAs and βHAs have anti-aging effects, like smoothing fine lines and improving texture. βHAs, are primarily used for acne and sun damage as they go deep to dry out excess oils and dead skin cells to unclog your pores. βHA soften and dissolve keratin, a protein that forms part of this skin structure. This helps to loosen dead skin cells, so they're easily sloughed off. βHA's also work on a deeper level to clear trapped sebum in the pores and prevent new clogs from forming. They also slow down oil secretion and loosen blackheads, making them easier to extract. βHA's also work inside the pores, where they not only dissolve keratin plugs, but also help to regulated keratinizatin (cell turnover and shedding). For example a condition like acne is associated with hyperkaratinization-meaning the body is shedding skin cells too fast. βHA's slow down this process, so the cells function longer before they flake off (meaning they're less likely to clog
Shrinking pores: Pores can look bigger when they are filled with debris, which makes them stretch out. βHA's can help them look smaller by keeping them clean.

αHA and βHA similarities:
Exfoliating and smoothing, brightening, fade hyperpigmentation, firming skin and reducing wrinkles, hydrating, clearing and preventing mild acne.

αHA and βHA differences:
Solubility: αHA's are water soluble so they dissolve in water while βHA's are oil soluble so they dissolve in oils which makes them able to push through sebum and sebaceous follicles.
Area of Action: αHA's work on the top layers of skin, but βHA's work on the skin surface and inside the pores.

⚜ Adsorption:

The chemical bonding between activated charcoal and other substances allows molecules to stick to their surface. In chemical terms, this is called "adsorption" (different from absorption, where one substance is absorbed into another). The charcoal can absorb as much as a thousand times its weight. Due to its pores, charcoal has a very large surface area. A cubic inch of charcoal has an equivalent surface area of 150,000 square feet, which is truly amazing in terms of adsorption power. Activated charcoal helps unclog pores and remove dead skin cells by binding to bacteria and toxins. This helps reduce the appearance of enlarged pore.

⚜ Compared to regular charcoal, bamboo charcoal has ten times more surface area and is four times stronger in its adsorption rate. The porous structure of bamboo charcoal provides countless tiny holes that effectively absorb pollutants. Bamboo charcoal has a microscopic, porous structure that gives this cleanser bar a gentle texture, and draws impurities and toxins from deep within the skin's pores with its powerful absorption. Activated charcoal is extremely adsorbent, allowing it to bind to molecules, ions, or atoms and remove them from dissolved substances.

⚜ “Activation” process strips the charcoal of previously absorbed molecules and frees up bonding sites again. This process also reduces the size of the pores in the charcoal and makes more holes in each molecule, increasing its overall surface area. Activated Carbon is a broad-spectrum agent that effectively removes toxic and bio-refractive substances such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metal ions, and phenols, etc. AC in fact is a microcrystalline, non-graphitic form of carbon with porous structure that has been processed to develop its internal porosity. AC has a high degree of porosity, an extensive surface area, and a high degree of surface reactivity. Its large specific surface area of (500 - 2000 m 2 /g) is in fact the most important physical property of AC which allows the physical adsorption dissolved or dispersed substances from. It has large number of very fine pores (microspores) gives the AC a large inner surface, which is the basis of its remarkable adsorption properties. Consequently, they are effective adsorbents for many pollutant compounds (organic, inorganic, microbial and biological).

⚜ Bamboo with less than 25% moisture, is carbonized first at 400 - 500 C to eliminate the bulk of the volatile matter and then the carbon is subjected to oxidizing gases usually carbon dioxide or steam at 800-1000 oC or and with air at law temperature, for selective oxidation. The oxidation is preceded usually by a primary carbonization of raw material. The pyrolysis of wood starts at temperature about 225 oC. Carbon is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen is oxidized to CO2, so the air should be excluded or very controlled during carbonizing and activating.
⚜ Steam and carbon dioxide act as mild oxidizing agents at 800-1000 C as follow:

Cx(H2O)y®C (s) + y H2O Carbonization

C (s)+ 2H2O®CO2 + 2 H2 Steam activation (DH = +75 KJ)
C(s)+CO2®2 CO Activation by CO2 ( DH = +159 KJ)

The activation of charcoal consists in thermal treatment at high temperatures (800-1000 C), as a result, these incomplete combustion products burn up and volatilize. Then the surface of the carbon is tremendously increased by the removal of hydrocarbon or tars

⚜ Adsorption is a reversible reaction; at a given solute concentration. Adsorbates can attach themselves onto surfaces in two ways. In physisorption (physical adsorption), there is a weak van der waals attraction of the adsorbates to the surface. During the process of physisorption, the chemical identity of the adsorbate remains intact. Physisorption is a spontaneous process (∆G < 0), since ∆S is negative, so ∆H be exothermic. In chemisorption (chemical adsorption), the adsorbates stick to the solid by the formation of a chemical bond with the surface. This interaction is much stronger than physisorption and in general, chemisorption has more stringent requirements for the compatibility of adsorbate and surface than physisorption. The steps of adsorption can be summarized: solute diffuses near the solid surface, diffuses into the pores of particle, then to the pore wall and adsorbs to the pore wall surface.

⚜ Adsorption of dissolved contaminants is a complex phenomenon caused by several mechanisms, including London- van der Waals forces, Coulomb forces, hydrogen bonding, ligand exchange, chemisorption, dipole- dipole forces, and hydrophobic forces. For example, hydrocarbons most commonly exhibit adsorption through the process of hydrophobic bonding. Thus adsorbents are characterized first by surface properties such as surface area, pore size distribution of micropores and polarity (hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity). When the surfaces of the sorbent matrix are less polar than the water molecule, there is a strong tendency for the nonpolar contaminant molecules (e.g. oil or hydrocarbons) to partition from the solution and adsorb to the adsorbent. This phenomenon referred as hydrophobic bonding, is a very important factor controlling the organic pollutants. A large specific surface area is preferable for providing large adsorption capacity. Especially materials such as zeolite and carbon molecular sieves can be specifically engineered with precise pore size distribution tuned for a particular separation.

⚜ Double powered by Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and and Beta-hydroxy acids (BHAs)
⚜ Detoxification of the skin by unclogging the pores.
⚜ Prevents breakouts by removing dead skin cells & excess sebum.
⚜ Reduces blemishes and improves skin appearance by lightening acne scars & other marks
⚜ Tightens your skin and helps prevent wrinkles and fine lines from forming early
⚜ This cleanser bar is perfect for use on both face and on body, unlike soaps which end up stripping all moisture from the face.
⚜ Prevents breakouts, black heads, inflammation and skin eruptions
⚜ 'Sucks out' dirt and impurities trapped inside your pores
⚜ Gently exfoliates the outer layer of dead skin cells
⚜ Possesses antimicrobial properties, and helps prevent skin infections while removing dead skin cells and dirt from the skin
⚜ Keeps your skin's pH level balanced
⚜ Penetrates deep into the skin to loosen dead skin cells, dissolve sebum build-up,unclog pores, and cleanse stubborn impurities, makeup residues, etc.
⚜ Prevents damage from chlorine and other minerals present in water
⚜ Positive impact on the appearance and tightness of your pores
⚜ Prevents skin congestion
⚜ Nourishes the skin leaving it smooth & supple
⚜ relaxing and soothing experience
⚜ Provides Ultimate glow
⚜ Purifies Your Skin Deeply
⚜ Tremendously effective in preventing acne
⚜ Complete repair of the skin barrier
⚜ Protects skin from environment damage and pollution
⚜ Helps in Treating Sensitive Skin Conditions

Fresh and invigorating aquatic fragrance of Moviestar™ Cleanser Bar invokes the ambiance of an exotic tropical island.

⚜ Use it as a soap or as a face wash, twice a day, in the morning and evening.

⚜ As a face-wash:
Lather the cleanser bar in the palm and massage it on the face. Rinse it off with water.

⚜ As a body cleansing soap:
Use it as regular body wash soap. Wet body with water, and gently glide this luxury cleanser bar across the skin surface. Lather, and rinse off with water.

⚜ Use this Luxury Facial and body cleanser as a soap replacement for bathing, and as a gentle face-wash, preferably twice a day - morning and evening.

⚜ For optimum results use Moviestar™ pH balancing facial toner immediately after cleansing, when the pores are open.

⚜ Suitable for both actors and actresses- men and women

⚜ All skin types, including oily or acne prone.

⚜ Ideal for tackling oily skin symptoms like acne, whiteheads, and blackheads on the face, back, shoulders, chest, arms, or any other part of the boy.

BestIndian™ practices 100% transparency, and believes in disclosing all ingredients used in its products. BestIndian™ guarantees that no other ingredient, apart from those listed below, has been used in this natural and synthetic chemicals free BestIndian™ Luxury:

Coconut Oil ⚜ Rosehip Oil ⚜ Sunflower Oil ⚜ Shea Butter ⚜ Bamboo Charcoal Powder ⚜ Castor Oil ⚜ Goat Milk ⚜ Gangajal ⚜ NaOH ⚜ Olive Oil ⚜ Aqua Oil

⚜ Store in a cool and dry place, away from direct sunlight.
⚜ For external use only
⚜ Reading the ingredients list is recommended to ensure that the user is not allergic to any ingredient herb
⚜ Patch test is recommended on a small area of the skin prior to the first usage
⚜ Best before 24 months from manufacturing.
⚜ Always keep this cleanser bar in a well-drained soap tray to last longer. Do not let it sit in a pool of water as it is a 100% natural product and does not contain any hardening agent to save it from dissolving while surrounded by water

This product has been thoroughly tested by dermatologists and is guaranteed safe and dermatologist approved.

Bharat

⚜ α-Hydroxy acids (Alpha-hydroxy acids):
αHAs are carboxylic acids with one hydroxyl group attached to the α-position of the carboxyl group. The simplest representative of αHA is glycolic acid (chemical name, hydroxyacetic acid), which was the first of this class of compounds to be introduced into skin care products. Lactic acid, with optimal biologic activity in its l-form, is also used in various topical formulations to exfoliate the skin and also to provide antiaging properties.

⚜ β-Hydroxy acids (Beta-hydroxy acids):
β-Hydroxy acids (βHAs) are carboxylic acids having one hydroxyl group attached to the β-position of the carboxyl group. The most common βHA is β-hydroxybutanoic acid. A lipid soluble βHA is tropic acid (2-phenyl-3-hydroxypropanoic acid). Some βHAs are also considered αHAs as they contain a hydroxyl group in the α-position to one carboxyl group and in the β-position to the other carboxyl group. Malic acid and citric acid are prominent representatives in this category. Citric acid is widely used in topical formulations as an antioxidant, and its antiaging benefits are well established.

⚜ Mechanism of Action:
Mechanism of action of alpha-hydroxy acids, when topically applied to the skin is described below. The alpha-hydroxy acids reduce the calcium ion concentration in the epidermis and remove calcium ions from the cell adhesions by chelation. This causes a loss of calcium ions from the cadherins of the desmosomes and adherens junctions, from the tight junctions, and possibly also from other divalent metallic cation-dependent cell adhesion molecules. The cell adhesions are thereby disrupted, resulting in desquamation. Desquamation is enhanced by cleavage of the endogenous stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme on the cadherins, which are otherwise protected from proteolysis by conjugation with calcium ions. The decrease of calcium ion level so brought about in the epidermis also tends to promote cell growth and retard cell differentiation, giving rise to a younger-looking skin. Alpha-hydroxy acids also possess anti-inflammatory capacities.

In the stratum corneum, the intercellular junction made up of cadherin proteins provides the structural integrity of the framework. Ca2+ ions are known to play a key role in maintaining this junction. Ca2+ chelation in stratum corneum will weaken the bond of the tissue and consequently promote exfoliation. Amino acids, ubiquitously existing as metabolites and building blocks of the body, have the molecular property to chelate Ca2+ ions. Amino acids can interfere with the interaction of cadherins, separate stratum corneum into pieces, and thereby stimulate the exfoliation process of skin.

⚜ α-Hydroxy acids and β-Hydroxy acids are both good for the skin because they exfoliate in a non-abrasive manner by “un-gluing” the bonds that hold dull, dead skin on the surface. Once those bonds are gently and evenly broken down, the skin naturally sheds these dead cells.

⚜ αHAs are water-soluble acids which help peel away the surface of the skin so that new, more evenly pigmented skin cells may generate and take their place. After use, you’ll likely notice that your skin is smoother to the touch. αHAs work on the surface of the skin, making them good for treating surface pimples like whiteheads and blackheads. αHAs are primarily used for: mild hyperpigmentation like age spots, melasma, and scars, enlarged pores, fine lines and surface wrinkles, uneven skin tone

On the other hand, β-Hydroxy acids are oil-soluble. Unlike αHAs, βHAs can get deeper into the pores to remove dead skin cells and excess sebum. βHAs work underneath the surface to unclog pores and heal cystic acne more quickly. αHAs and βHAs have anti-aging effects, like smoothing fine lines and improving texture. βHAs, are primarily used for acne and sun damage as they go deep to dry out excess oils and dead skin cells to unclog your pores. βHA soften and dissolve keratin, a protein that forms part of this skin structure. This helps to loosen dead skin cells, so they're easily sloughed off. βHA's also work on a deeper level to clear trapped sebum in the pores and prevent new clogs from forming. They also slow down oil secretion and loosen blackheads, making them easier to extract. βHA's also work inside the pores, where they not only dissolve keratin plugs, but also help to regulated keratinizatin (cell turnover and shedding). For example a condition like acne is associated with hyperkaratinization-meaning the body is shedding skin cells too fast. βHA's slow down this process, so the cells function longer before they flake off (meaning they're less likely to clog
Shrinking pores: Pores can look bigger when they are filled with debris, which makes them stretch out. βHA's can help them look smaller by keeping them clean.

αHA and βHA similarities:
Exfoliating and smoothing, brightening, fade hyperpigmentation, firming skin and reducing wrinkles, hydrating, clearing and preventing mild acne.

αHA and βHA differences:
Solubility: αHA's are water soluble so they dissolve in water while βHA's are oil soluble so they dissolve in oils which makes them able to push through sebum and sebaceous follicles.
Area of Action: αHA's work on the top layers of skin, but βHA's work on the skin surface and inside the pores.

⚜ Adsorption:

The chemical bonding between activated charcoal and other substances allows molecules to stick to their surface. In chemical terms, this is called "adsorption" (different from absorption, where one substance is absorbed into another). The charcoal can absorb as much as a thousand times its weight. Due to its pores, charcoal has a very large surface area. A cubic inch of charcoal has an equivalent surface area of 150,000 square feet, which is truly amazing in terms of adsorption power. Activated charcoal helps unclog pores and remove dead skin cells by binding to bacteria and toxins. This helps reduce the appearance of enlarged pore.

⚜ Compared to regular charcoal, bamboo charcoal has ten times more surface area and is four times stronger in its adsorption rate. The porous structure of bamboo charcoal provides countless tiny holes that effectively absorb pollutants. Bamboo charcoal has a microscopic, porous structure that gives this cleanser bar a gentle texture, and draws impurities and toxins from deep within the skin's pores with its powerful absorption. Activated charcoal is extremely adsorbent, allowing it to bind to molecules, ions, or atoms and remove them from dissolved substances.

⚜ “Activation” process strips the charcoal of previously absorbed molecules and frees up bonding sites again. This process also reduces the size of the pores in the charcoal and makes more holes in each molecule, increasing its overall surface area. Activated Carbon is a broad-spectrum agent that effectively removes toxic and bio-refractive substances such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, heavy metal ions, and phenols, etc. AC in fact is a microcrystalline, non-graphitic form of carbon with porous structure that has been processed to develop its internal porosity. AC has a high degree of porosity, an extensive surface area, and a high degree of surface reactivity. Its large specific surface area of (500 - 2000 m 2 /g) is in fact the most important physical property of AC which allows the physical adsorption dissolved or dispersed substances from. It has large number of very fine pores (microspores) gives the AC a large inner surface, which is the basis of its remarkable adsorption properties. Consequently, they are effective adsorbents for many pollutant compounds (organic, inorganic, microbial and biological).

⚜ Bamboo with less than 25% moisture, is carbonized first at 400 - 500 C to eliminate the bulk of the volatile matter and then the carbon is subjected to oxidizing gases usually carbon dioxide or steam at 800-1000 oC or and with air at law temperature, for selective oxidation. The oxidation is preceded usually by a primary carbonization of raw material. The pyrolysis of wood starts at temperature about 225 oC. Carbon is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen is oxidized to CO2, so the air should be excluded or very controlled during carbonizing and activating.
⚜ Steam and carbon dioxide act as mild oxidizing agents at 800-1000 C as follow:

Cx(H2O)y®C (s) + y H2O Carbonization

C (s)+ 2H2O®CO2 + 2 H2 Steam activation (DH = +75 KJ)
C(s)+CO2®2 CO Activation by CO2 ( DH = +159 KJ)

The activation of charcoal consists in thermal treatment at high temperatures (800-1000 C), as a result, these incomplete combustion products burn up and volatilize. Then the surface of the carbon is tremendously increased by the removal of hydrocarbon or tars

⚜ Adsorption is a reversible reaction; at a given solute concentration. Adsorbates can attach themselves onto surfaces in two ways. In physisorption (physical adsorption), there is a weak van der waals attraction of the adsorbates to the surface. During the process of physisorption, the chemical identity of the adsorbate remains intact. Physisorption is a spontaneous process (∆G < 0), since ∆S is negative, so ∆H be exothermic. In chemisorption (chemical adsorption), the adsorbates stick to the solid by the formation of a chemical bond with the surface. This interaction is much stronger than physisorption and in general, chemisorption has more stringent requirements for the compatibility of adsorbate and surface than physisorption. The steps of adsorption can be summarized: solute diffuses near the solid surface, diffuses into the pores of particle, then to the pore wall and adsorbs to the pore wall surface.

⚜ Adsorption of dissolved contaminants is a complex phenomenon caused by several mechanisms, including London- van der Waals forces, Coulomb forces, hydrogen bonding, ligand exchange, chemisorption, dipole- dipole forces, and hydrophobic forces. For example, hydrocarbons most commonly exhibit adsorption through the process of hydrophobic bonding. Thus adsorbents are characterized first by surface properties such as surface area, pore size distribution of micropores and polarity (hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity). When the surfaces of the sorbent matrix are less polar than the water molecule, there is a strong tendency for the nonpolar contaminant molecules (e.g. oil or hydrocarbons) to partition from the solution and adsorb to the adsorbent. This phenomenon referred as hydrophobic bonding, is a very important factor controlling the organic pollutants. A large specific surface area is preferable for providing large adsorption capacity. Especially materials such as zeolite and carbon molecular sieves can be specifically engineered with precise pore size distribution tuned for a particular separation.